![]() ![]() No human or animal cases of NiV infection have been detected in Victoria. Supportive care and the treatment of symptoms are the main approaches. There are currently no drugs or vaccines available to treat humans with NiV infection. Public health significance and occurrence of Nipah virus infection The incubation period varies from 4 to 18 days. Testing is available through the CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory at Geelong. The diagnosis can also be confirmed by virus isolation from infected tissues. The diagnosis can be made by the detection of specific neutralising IgM and IgG antibodies to the virus, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, immunofluorescence assay and virus isolation by cell culture. ![]() Most people who survive acute encephalitis make a full recovery, but approximately 20 per cent are left with residual neurological deficits, such as persistent convulsions and personality changes.Ī small number of people, usually those with mild or subclinical cases, can relapse or develop delayed-onset encephalitis. Some people can develop atypical pneumonia and severe respiratory problems, including acute respiratory distress syndrome. This can be followed by dizziness, drowsiness, altered consciousness, and neurological signs of acute encephalitis.Įncephalitis and seizures occur in severe cases, progressing to coma within 24–48 hours. Infected people initially develop a flu-like illness with fever, headaches, myalgia (muscle pain), vomiting and sore throat. Human cases range from asymptomatic to cases involving fatal encephalitis. The case-fatality rate of encephalitis is estimated at 40–75 per cent. In humans, NiV causes encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or respiratory signs and symptoms. Identification of Nipah virus infection Clinical features ![]() All subsequent outbreaks have occurred in South Asia (India, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Singapore). NiV was first identified during an outbreak in Kampung Sungai Nipah, Malaysia, in 1998. NiV, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is a zoonotic virus, which means it can transfer from animals to people. Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a newly emerging zoonosis. Infectious agent of Nipah virus infection Notification is not required however, any new cases of this emerging virus should be reported to the department as a matter of urgency. Notification requirements for Nipah virus infection ![]()
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